【JLPT N4 Grammar】〜てある（~tearu）

2019年8月7日 2024年10月27日

Contents

1 Explanation：〜てある
2 Sample sentenes
3 Vocabulary
4 Comparison："〜てある" vs. "〜ている":

Explanation：〜てある

Meaning
"somebody has done something intentionally and that state continues."
Used to indicate that an action has been intentionally done and its result is still in effect. It often suggests that a task has been completed with a purpose in mind, and this state remains relevant.

Form
V（te form）+ ある

Points

Indicates Prepared State: "〜てある" emphasizes that something has been intentionally prepared or set up for a specific purpose.
Focus on Result: The focus is on the current state of the object, rather than the action itself.
Nuance of Readiness: Often conveys that something is ready, arranged, or intentionally left in a certain state.

JLPT Level
N4

Sample sentenes

もう　レストランの　予約よやくが　してあります。
The restaurant reservation has already been made.

かべに　ポスターが　貼はってあります。
A poster is hanging on the wall.

机つくえの　上うえに　スピーカーが　置おいてあります。
There is a speaker on the desk.

電気でんきが　つけてあります。
The lights are on.

本ほんに　名前なまえが　書かいてあります。
A name is written in the book.

来週らいしゅうの　旅行りょこうの　準備じゅんびは　もう　してあります。
The preparations for next week's trip have already been done.

テーブルの　上うえに　スプーンと　フォークが　並ならべてあります。
Spoons and forks are arranged on the table.

Vocabulary

Japanese	English
よやく	reservation
はる	to post
でんき	light
りょこう	travel
じゅんび	preparation
ならべる	to line up

Comparison："〜てある" vs. "〜ている":

While "〜ている" describes a continuous action or state, "〜てある" emphasizes that someone has completed an action with an intended result.

Example

宿題しゅくだいを　している。 (I am doing homework.) — continuous action

宿題しゅくだいは　してある。 (The homework is done.) — completed action with the state remaining