GRAMMAR
N2 Grammar

【JLPT N2 Grammar】〜ことなく（~kotonaku）

【JLPT N2 Grammar】〜ことなく（~kotonaku）
This article may include advertisements.

Explanation：〜ことなく

Meaning
"〜ないで"

"without"
Used to indicate that something happens without performing a certain action. It is often used in formal contexts and emphasizes that an event or action was completed without interruption or without experiencing a particular situation.

Form
V（dictionary form）+ ことなく

Points

  1. Formal usage: "〜ことなく" is more formal than its casual equivalent "〜ないで."
  2. Without doing something: It expresses that one action occurs without the interference or occurrence of another action.
  3. Smooth completion: It often implies that the main action was carried out smoothly or continuously without the mentioned action.

JLPT Level
N2

Note
Frequently used in written language.



Sample sentenes

彼かれは土曜日どようびと日曜日にちようびも休やすむことなく、毎日働まいにちはたらいている。
He works every day without taking a break, even on Saturdays and Sundays.

飛行機ひこうきは遅おくれることなく、時間通じかんどおり出発しゅっぱつした。
The plane departed on time without any delay.

トムさんは誰だれにも相談そうだんすることなく、国くにへ帰かえってしまった。
Tom went back to his country without consulting anyone.

仕事しごとでトラブルがあって、朝あさまで休やすむことなく働はたらき続つづけた。
Due to trouble at work, he continued working until morning without taking a break.

アンナさんは誰だれにも理由りゆうを話はなすことなく、学校がっこうをやめてしまった。
Anna left school without explaining the reason to anyone.

彼女かのじょは迷まようことなく、その道みちを選えらんだ。
She chose that path without hesitation.

Vocabulary

Japanese
 English
相談する そうだんする to consult

Twitterでフォローしよう